diff --git a/04_potentiel_electrique.md b/04_potentiel_electrique.md index 54076f039d08daa5bc90b1f574a695541be14c95..a113fb72ecb34cea731a564d02a75b13a5c53d78 100644 --- a/04_potentiel_electrique.md +++ b/04_potentiel_electrique.md @@ -142,4 +142,34 @@ autres potentiels sont donnés par rapport à cette référence. --- +--- + +Question (Charge négative) # + +Reprenons un exemple similaire à @fig:epot, mais remplaçons la charge par une charge négative (voir @fig:epot_neg). Aussi elle se trouve au point $B$ et est libre de se déplacer. +Que va-t-il se produire? Son énergie potentielle va augmenter ou diminuer? Comment le potentiel électrique varie entre les deux points $A$ et $B$? + +--- + +--- + +Réponse (Charge négative) # + +Une charge négative va être repoussée par la plaque négative et attirée par la charge positive. Ainsi, $q$ va se déplacer vers la plaque positive, son énergie cinétique va augmenter. +A cause du principe de la conservation de l'énergie, +son énergie potentielle va donc décroître. On a que +$$ +E_\mathrm{pot}(A) < E_\mathrm{pot}(B). +$$ +En revanche la charge se déplace d'une d'une région avec +un potentiel élevé vers un potentiel plus faible. La variation +de potentiel électrique (qui est dûe aux plaques) est donc positive contrairement à l'énergie +potentielle électrique +\begin{align} +&E_\mathrm{pot}(B)-E_\mathrm{pot}(A) > 0,\\ +&V(B)-V(A) > 0. +\end{align} +Si la charge $q$ était positive, la variation +d'énergie potentielle +--- diff --git a/figs/epot_neg.svg b/figs/epot_neg.svg new file mode 100644 index 0000000000000000000000000000000000000000..dbcb9db0b864d99ad758a5b0c1a51eed364204b8 --- /dev/null +++ b/figs/epot_neg.svg @@ -0,0 +1,968 @@ +<?xml version="1.0" encoding="UTF-8" standalone="no"?> +<svg + xmlns:dc="http://purl.org/dc/elements/1.1/" + xmlns:cc="http://creativecommons.org/ns#" + xmlns:rdf="http://www.w3.org/1999/02/22-rdf-syntax-ns#" + xmlns:svg="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" + xmlns="http://www.w3.org/2000/svg" + xmlns:sodipodi="http://sodipodi.sourceforge.net/DTD/sodipodi-0.dtd" + xmlns:inkscape="http://www.inkscape.org/namespaces/inkscape" + width="140.22917mm" + height="137.58333mm" + viewBox="0 0 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