From 583846564439095525ffcc8c1fd24b41b78a23c0 Mon Sep 17 00:00:00 2001
From: Orestis <orestis.malaspinas@pm.me>
Date: Wed, 22 Feb 2023 10:01:41 +0100
Subject: [PATCH] avant loi d'ohm
---
05_courant_electrique.md | 41 +++++++
figs/circuit.svg | 119 ++++++++++++++++++++
figs/sens_courant.svg | 234 +++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++++
figs/source.svg | 79 +++++++++++++
4 files changed, 473 insertions(+)
create mode 100644 figs/circuit.svg
create mode 100644 figs/sens_courant.svg
create mode 100644 figs/source.svg
diff --git a/05_courant_electrique.md b/05_courant_electrique.md
index 1052941..5181ab3 100644
--- a/05_courant_electrique.md
+++ b/05_courant_electrique.md
@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ une différence de charge entre les deux électrode et on crée ainsi une diffé
entre les 2 électrodes. Comme vu dans le chapitre précédent on peut utiliser cette différence de
potentiel pour mettre les charges en mouvement.
+La @fig:source représente la notation pour la source de tension (batterie ou toute autre source)
+
+{#fig:source width=50%}
+
## Le courant électrique
En connectant les deux électrode avec une fil conducteur, on construit un circuit électrique.
@@ -67,3 +71,40 @@ $$
$$
---
+
+Un courant électrique ne peut passer qu'à condition qu'un chemin continu existe pour faire passer le courant. S'il y a une discontinuité le courant ne peut pas passer (voir @fig:circuit).
+
+{#fig:circuit width=50%}
+
+Dans le cas d'un courant continu, le courant est le même à n'importe quel point d'un circuit fermé. Ce fait est la conséquence de la conservation de la charge: la batterie ou un appareil électrique ne détruisent ni ne créent de charges nettes.
+
+
+---
+
+Exemple (Charge totale dans un circuit) #
+
+Imaginons qu'un courant continu de $2.5\ \A$ passe dans un circuit pendant 5 minutes. Quelle est la charge totale qui est passée dans le circuit? Combien d'électrons cela fait?
+
+---
+
+---
+
+Solution (Charge totale dans un circuit) #
+
+Le courant étant la charge par unité de temps, on peut écrire
+$$
+\Delta Q = I \cdot \Delta t = 2.5\cdot 300=750\C.
+$$
+Nous savons que la charge élémentaire est $e=1.6\cdot 10^{-19}$. On a donc que
+$$
+\frac{600}{e}\cong 4.4\cdot 10^{21}\mbox{ électrons}.
+$$
+
+---
+
+Il existe une convention pas très intuitive pour le sens du courant dans un circuit qu'il vaut la peine de discuter ici. En effet,
+le sens du courant est vu comme le déplacement de charges **positives** (bien que ça soit les électrons qui se déplacent). Ainsi, le sens du courant est opposé au sens de déplacement
+des électrons (voir @fig:sens_courant).
+
+{#fig:sens_courant width=50%}
+
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