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Pour des circuits beaucoup plus compliqués que ceux vus ici, il faut noter qu'il y a un ensemble
de règles qu'on peut appliquer pour déterminer le courant dans un circuit: les **lois de Kirchoff**.
de règles qu'on peut appliquer pour déterminer le courant dans un circuit: les **lois de Kirchhoff**. Il s'agit d'un certain nombre de règles très pratiques qui sont des applications des lois de conservation que nous avons déjà vues.
Le première loi de Kirchhoff est basée sur la loi de conservation de la charge électrique. Elle dit que:
À une intersection, la somme de tous les courants entrant dans l'intersection, doit être égale à la somme des courants quittant l'intersection.
Pour résumer, tout ce qui entre à une intersection doit en sortir (sinon ça voudrait dire qu'il y a une fuite ou une source quelque part). Par exemple sur la figure @fig:complex_res_current, on voit qu'à l'intersection $a$, on a le courant $I_1$ qui est entrant, et les courant $I_2$ et $I_3$ qu sont sortants. Ainsi on a $I_1=I_2+I_3$.
![Illustration de la 1e loi de Kirchhoff](figs/complex_res_current.svg){#fig:complex_res_current width=50%}
La seconde loi de Kirchhoff, est une application de la conservation de l'énergie. Elle dit que sur n'importe quelle chemin fermé, le changement de potentiel doit être nul.
Ainsi sur la @fig:two_res_kirch, on a deux résistances, $R_1$ et $R_2$, ainsi qu'ûn potentiel $V$. Si on démarre du point $a$, on a un potentiel $V$ qui est inchangé. Puis au point $b$, avant $R_1$, on a toujours le même potentiel. Au point $c$, on a une première chute de potentiel, car $R_1$ est passée par là. Puis en $d$ on atteint un potentiel nul (toute l'énergie a été consommée) après avoir passé $R_2$. Le potentiel en $e$ est toujours nul. Puis on repasse par la batterie, et on revient en $a$ pour fermer la boucle. En $a$ on a avoir à nouveau un potentiel $V$ et ainsi on voit que le changement de potentiel est nul.
![Illustration de la 2e loi de Kirchhoff](figs/two_res_kirch.svg){#fig:two_res_kirch width=50%}
## Les circuits contenant des capacités en parallèle ou en série
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