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......@@ -36,6 +36,10 @@ une différence de charge entre les deux électrode et on crée ainsi une diffé
entre les 2 électrodes. Comme vu dans le chapitre précédent on peut utiliser cette différence de
potentiel pour mettre les charges en mouvement.
La @fig:source représente la notation pour la source de tension (batterie ou toute autre source)
![Le symbole pour la source de tension.](figs/source.svg){#fig:source width=50%}
## Le courant électrique
En connectant les deux électrode avec une fil conducteur, on construit un circuit électrique.
......@@ -67,3 +71,40 @@ $$
$$
---
Un courant électrique ne peut passer qu'à condition qu'un chemin continu existe pour faire passer le courant. S'il y a une discontinuité le courant ne peut pas passer (voir @fig:circuit).
![Un exemple de circuit simple avec un appareil électrique (une ampoule par exemple).](figs/circuit.svg){#fig:circuit width=50%}
Dans le cas d'un courant continu, le courant est le même à n'importe quel point d'un circuit fermé. Ce fait est la conséquence de la conservation de la charge: la batterie ou un appareil électrique ne détruisent ni ne créent de charges nettes.
---
Exemple (Charge totale dans un circuit) #
Imaginons qu'un courant continu de $2.5\ \A$ passe dans un circuit pendant 5 minutes. Quelle est la charge totale qui est passée dans le circuit? Combien d'électrons cela fait?
---
---
Solution (Charge totale dans un circuit) #
Le courant étant la charge par unité de temps, on peut écrire
$$
\Delta Q = I \cdot \Delta t = 2.5\cdot 300=750\C.
$$
Nous savons que la charge élémentaire est $e=1.6\cdot 10^{-19}$. On a donc que
$$
\frac{600}{e}\cong 4.4\cdot 10^{21}\mbox{ électrons}.
$$
---
Il existe une convention pas très intuitive pour le sens du courant dans un circuit qu'il vaut la peine de discuter ici. En effet,
le sens du courant est vu comme le déplacement de charges **positives** (bien que ça soit les électrons qui se déplacent). Ainsi, le sens du courant est opposé au sens de déplacement
des électrons (voir @fig:sens_courant).
![Schéma d'un circuit avec le sens du courant conventionnel et le sens de déplacement des électrons.](figs/sens_courant.svg){#fig:sens_courant width=50%}
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